International football tournaments arrive like travelling capitals: new signage, new security perimeters, a sudden shortage of hotel rooms. A World Cup or continental championship compresses years of planning into a few weeks of matches, but its financial footprint is wider than any fan zone. Economic impact is never one clean figure. It is a bundle of spending choices, revenue streams, and after-effects: what gets built, who captures visitor money, how media rights flow, and which habits stick once the final has been played.
